What is a Dental Assistant?

A dental assistant performs both clinical and administrative tasks that help with efficient patient care and practice management.

The core responsibilities of a dental assistant include:

• Preparing and maintaining treatment rooms

• Sterilizing and organizing dental instruments

• Assisting chairside during dental procedures

• Taking and processing dental X-rays

• Making dental impressions

• Scheduling patient appointments and maintaining records

• Managing inventory and supplies

• Helping patients with billing and payment

Depending on state regulations, dental assistants may take on specialized tasks such as:

• Coronal polishing to remove soft deposits

• Applying sealants to prevent cavities

• Administering fluoride treatments

• Applying topical anesthetic

What is a Dental Hygienist?

A dental hygienist is a licensed oral health professional who primarily focuses on preventive care and direct patient treatment. Unlike dental assistants, hygienists often work more independently while collaborating with dentists to provide comprehensive patient care.

The core responsibilities of a dental hygienist include:

• Conducting patient oral health assessments

• Performing professional teeth cleaning procedures

• Removing plaque and tartar through scaling

• Taking and interpreting dental X-rays

• Applying preventive treatments like sealants and fluoride

• Documenting treatment plans

• Educating patients on oral health

• Examining patients for signs of oral diseases

Hygienists also have specialized clinical capabilities, such as:

• Administering local anesthesia (where state laws permit)

• Performing advanced periodontal therapy

• Conducting root planing procedures

• Developing comprehensive treatment plans

• Analyzing patient medical histories to determine appropriate care

Education and Licensing Requirements

Now that we’ve outlined the core responsibilities of each role, let’s dive into what it takes to enter these careers.

Dental Assistant Education Path

The path to becoming a dental assistant is flexible. A high school diploma or equivalent is the minimum requirement, but there are several educational routes to choose from:

• Certificate or Diploma Programs: These programs typically take 9-12 months to complete, covering essential skills like radiography, infection control, and chairside assistance.

• Associate Degree Programs: Community colleges may offer two-year programs with comprehensive training in dental sciences and patient management.

• On-the-job Training: In some states, dental assistants can train directly in the workplace under experienced professionals.

Dental Hygienist Education Path

Dental hygienists face more rigorous educational requirements. At minimum, they need an associate degree from a program accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA). Advanced options include:

• Bachelor's Degree Programs: For advanced training and roles in education or management

• Master's Degree Programs: Required for research, teaching, or administrative positions, typically taking an additional two years

• Core Coursework: Programs include anatomy, periodontics, dental terminology, and extensive clinical training

Licensing and Certification Requirements

Both roles need to be licensed, but the specifics vary by state:

• Dental assistants:

  • The Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) credential through the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) is common but not always mandatory.

  • Some states require certifications for specialized tasks like radiography.

  • Continuing education typically involves 20 hours every two years.

• Dental hygienists:

  • Must obtain state licensure through the Board of Dental Examiners.

  • Required to pass the National Board Dental Hygiene written exam.

  • Licensing typically requires graduation from an accredited program and successful completion of written and clinical exams.

Both professions need continuing education to stay updated on the latest practices and technologies in dental care.

Salary and Career Outlook

The salary difference between dental hygienists and dental assistants reflects their varying educational requirements and responsibilities. 

According to DentalPost’s latest salary survey, the average yearly income of dental hygienists was $81,627 in 2024. Dental assistants earn an average of $47,440 per year.

Note that location and years of experience also significantly influence earnings. 

As for their career outlook, the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects dental hygienist employment to grow by 9% from 2023 to 2033, significantly faster than the average for all occupations. That growth is driven by an aging population requiring more dental care and increased awareness of oral health's importance.

Dental assistants can expect an 8% job growth rate over the same period.

Both roles offer diverse paths for career growth.

Dental hygienists often:

• Pursue specialized certifications in areas like anesthesia or periodontics.

• Transition into teaching or administrative roles.

• Advance to public health positions with further education.

Dental assistants can move on to:

• Transition to office management.

• Pursue a dental hygiene career with additional education.

Work Environment and Schedule

Both dental assistants and hygienists primarily work in private dental practices.

Their scheduling patterns often differ. Dental assistants typically work 30-40 hours per week, with shifts usually between 7 AM and 6 PM on weekdays. Some may need to be available for emergency hours on nights or weekends. Their day often starts before the office opens, preparing equipment and organizing activities.

Dental hygienists tend to have a more predictable schedule, commonly working between 8 AM and 6 PM. While many work full-time, they often have flexibility in patient appointment scheduling, and some take temporary positions at different clinics.

The nature of these roles affects work-life balance differently. Dental assistants juggle a range of tasks, while hygienists concentrate on patient care for extended periods. Both require strong time management skills and the ability to adapt to a busy practice environment. Understanding how to manage workloads is key to preventing dental hygiene burnout and maintaining job satisfaction.

Making the Career Choice

When deciding between becoming a dental assistant or dental hygienist, your personal strengths, career goals, and preferred work style should guide you.

Dental assistants thrive when they are:

• Detail-oriented and organized

• Adaptable to varied tasks and situations

• Technically proficient with dental instruments

• Comfortable working as part of a supportive team

• Skilled at juggling clinical and administrative duties

Dental hygienists excel when they have:

• Strong communication and teaching abilities

• Clinical expertise and steady hands

• Independent decision-making capabilities

• Empathy and a patient-centered perspective

• Dedication to preventive care

At the end of the day, your career choice should align with your professional goals and personal preferences.

Launch Your Dental Career with Teero

Choosing between becoming a dental assistant or dental hygienist is a significant decision that shapes your future in the dental field. If you go the dental hygienist route, you can rely on dental staffing apps like Teero to find temporary (or permanent) job opportunities in your area at a practice that’s just the right fit for you.